Showing posts with label Henry Flynt. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Henry Flynt. Show all posts

Sunday, November 26, 2023

Catherine Christer Hennix








Catherine Christer Hennix died last week in Istanbul, at the age of 75. Hennix was a musician, poet, philosopher, mathematician and visual artist, and led the just intonation live-electronic ensembles Hilbert Hotel and The Deontic Miracle.

She studied with both legendary electronic composer Karlheinz Stockhausen, and raga master Pandit Pran Nath, whose other students included La Monte Young, Marian Zazeela, Terry Riley, Michael Harrison, Yoshi Wada and Henry Flynt. She became a pioneer in Swedish computer generated sound in the nineteen sixties. 

At the urging of Nath, she also pursued a career as a professor of mathematics and computer science.   She was affiliated with MIT's AI Lab in the late 1970s and was later employed as research professor of mathematics at SUNY New Paltz. 

In the 1970s and 1980s, she played with Arthur Russell and Arthur Rhames, as well as in Flynt's group Dharma Warriors. 

I met her once, briefly, at La Monte Young and Marian Zazeela’s home in NYC. I had made a pilgrimage into the city during the final months of a ten year long multi-tone drone project. When I arrived I was told that the hardware had malfunctioned and it was temporarily down. Luckily, I was invited back that evening for a talk by Hennix and Henry Flynt. 

She died at her home in Turkey, on November 29th. 



Friday, March 4, 2022

Henry Flynt | Down With Art!




















Henry Flynt
Down With Art!
New York City, USA: Fluxpress, 1968. 
12 pp., 10 x 27 cm., staple-bound
Edition size unknown


Henry Flynt began his Anti-Art campaign in earnest in 1962. A year later he demonstrated against cultural institutions in New York City, including MOMA and Lincoln Center, with artist and musician Tony Conrad and filmmaker Jack Smith. In 1964, he picketed performances by Karlheinz Stockhausen. 

On February 28th, 1963, Flynt read from his text From Culture to Veramusment at Walter De Maria's loft in front of a portrait of Vladimir Mayakovsky, the Futurist poet, playwright, artist, and actor. Diane Wakoski's photograph of the event became the cover graphic for the pamphlet Down With Art! (and perhaps the most iconic image of Flynt ever). 

The 12-page George Maciunas-designed leaflet is Flynt's first solo publication. His Concept Art essay appeared in An Anthology in 1963, and he contributed to Wolf Vostell's décollage the year prior. From Culture to Veramusment was included in the third Fluxus newspaper (see below). The work features Flynt's Art or Brend essay (below), as well as artists' statements by Terry Riley, Robert Morris, Walter De Maria, Diane Wakoski and Ben Vautier.



"Art Or Brend

1. Perhaps the most diseased justification the artist can give of his profession is to say that it is somehow scientific.

It is the creative personality him- or herself who has the most reason to object to the "scientific" justification of art. Again and again, the decisive step in artistic development has come when an artist produces a work that shatters all existing "scientific" laws of art, and yet is more important to the audience than all the works that "obey" the laws.

2. The artist or entertainer cannot exist without urging his or her product on other people. In fact, after developing his or her product, the artist goes out and tries to win public acceptance for it, to advertise and promote it, to sell it, to force it on people. If the public doesn't accept it as first, he or she is disappointed. He or she doesn't drop it, but repeatedly urges the project on them.

People have every reason, then, to ask the artist: Is your product good for me even if I don't like or enjoy it? This question really lays art open. One of the distinguishing features of art has always been that it is very difficult to defend art without referring to people's liking or enjoying it. (Functions of art such as making money or glorifying the social order are real enough, but they are rarely cited in defense of art. Let us put them aside.) When one artist shows his latest production to another, all he can usually ask is "Do you like it?" Once the "scientific" justification of art is discredited, the artist usually has to admit: If you don't like or enjoy my product, there's no reason why you should "consume" it.

There are exceptions. Art sometimes becomes the sole channel for political dissent, the sole arena in which oppressive social relations can be transcended. Even so, subjectivity of value remains a feature which distinguishes art and entertainment from other activities. Thus art is historically a leisure activity.

3. But there is a fundamental contradiction here. Consider the object which one person produces for the liking, the enjoyment of another. The value of the object is supposed to be that you just like it. It supposedly has a value which is entirely subjective and entirely within you, is a part of you. Yet--the object can exist without you, is completely outside you, is not your or your valuing, and has no inherent connection with you or your valuing. The product is not personal to you.

Such is the contradiction in much art and entertainment. It is unfortunate that is has to be stated so abstractly, but the discussion is about something so personal that there can be no interpersonal examples of it. Perhaps it will help to say that in appreciating or consuming art, you are always aware that it is not you, your valuing--yet your liking it, your valuing it is usually the only thing that can justify it.

In art and entertainment, objects are produced having no inherent connection with people's liking, yet the artist expects the objects to find their value in people's liking them. To be totally successful, the object would have to give you an experience in which the object is as personal to you as your valuing of it. Yet you remain aware that the object is another's product, separable from your liking of it. The artist tries to "be oneself" for other people, to "express oneself" for them.

4. There are experiences for each person which accomplish what art and entertainment fail to. The purpose of this essay is to make you aware of these experiences, by comparing and contrasting them with art. I have coined the term `brend' for these experiences.

Consider all of your doings, what you already do. Exclude the gratifying of physiological needs, physically harmful activities, and competitive activities. Concentrate on spontaneous self-amusement or play. That, is concentrate on everything you do because you like it, because you just like it as you do it.

Actually, these doings should be referred to as your just-likings. In saying that somebody likes an art exhibit, it is appropriate to distinguish the art exhibit from his or her liking of it. But in the case of your just-likings, it is not appropriate to distinguish the objects valued from your valuings, and the single term that covers both should be used.

When you write with a pencil, you are rarely attentive to the fact that the pencil was produced by somebody other than yourself. You can use something produced by somebody else without thinking about it. In your just-likings, you never notice that things are not produced by you. The essence of a just-liking is that in it, you are not aware that the object you value is less personal to you than your very valuing.

These just-likings are your "brend." Some of your dreams are brend; and some children's play is brend (but formal children's games aren't). In a sense, though, the attempt to give interpersonal examples of brend is futile, because the end result is neutral things or actions, cut off from the valuing which gives them their only significance; and because the end result suggests that brend is a deliberate activity like carrying out orders. The only examples for you are your just-likings, and you have to guess them by directly applying the abstract definition.

Even though brend is defined exclusively in terms of what you like, it is not necessarily solitary. The definition simply recognizes that valuing is an act of individuals; that to counterpose the likes of the community to the likes of the individuals who make it up is an ideological deception.

5. It is now possible to say that much art and entertainment are pseudo-brend; that your brend is the total originality beyond art; that your brend is the absolute self-expression and the absolute enjoyment beyond art. Can brend, then, replace art, can it expand to fill the space now occupied by art and entertainment? To ask this question is to ask when utopia will arrive, when the barrier between work and leisure will be broken down, when work will be abolished. Rather than holding out utopian promises, it is better to give whoever can grasp it the realization that the experience beyond art already occurs in his or her life--but is totally suppressed by the general repressiveness of society.

Note: the avant-garde artist may raise a final question. Can't art or entertainment compensate for its impersonality by having sheer newness as a value? Can't the very foreignness of the impersonal object be entertaining? Doesn't this happen with my "Mock Risk Games," for example?

The answer is that entertainmental newness is also subjective. What is entertainingly strange to one person is incomprehensible, annoying or irrelevant to another. The only difference between foreignness and other entertainment values is that brend does not have more foreignness than conventional entertainment does.

As for objective newness, or the objective value of "Mock Risk Games," these issues are so difficult that I have been unable to reach final conclusions about them."






Friday, November 19, 2021

Ausgabe No.6










[Various Artists]
Ausgabe No.6
Cologne, Germany: Edition Hundertmark, 1982
128 pp., softcover
Edition of 700 

The September 1982 issue of Ausgabe features "Solar Music Tent" by Joe Jones, "Very Few Examples of My Fashion Ideas" by Milan Knizak, Blues for Marcel Duchamp by Al Hansen, Henry Flynt's essay "The Meaning of My Avant Garde Hillbilly and Blues Music" and works by Takako Saito, Claus Bohmler, George Brecht, Gerhard Ruhm and others. 

Available from the publisher, here, for 20 Euros. 



Monday, June 1, 2020

Henry Flynt | Blueprint for a Higher Civilization






Henry Flynt
Blueprint for a Higher Civilization 
Milan, Italy: Multhipla Edizioni, 1975
206 pp., 24 x 17 cm., softcover
Edition size unknown


Henry Flynt is known for his ties to Fluxus (which he referred to as his “publisher of last resort”), his brief stint in the Velvet Underground (a matter of days, by all accounts, replacing an ill John Cale) and in obscure music circles for his "hillbilly" violin compositions. And maybe for his radical politics: his anti-fascist tracts, his anti-art protests, and his eventual anti-human race position (see below). But he may be best known for coining the term "Conceptual Art”.

In fact, Flynt’s proposed term was “Concept Art” which is now generally accepted to refer to "a form of illustration used to convey an idea for use in films, video games, animation, comic books, or other media before it is put into the final product.” Flynt used the term in the proto-Fluxus publication An Anthology, edited by La Monte Young and Jackson MacLow, and designed by George Maciunas and it is generally footnoted in historical overviews of Conceptual Art.

He is now getting credit for another, more incendiary, term: involuntary celibate.

The term Incel is generally credited to a Canadian university student known only as Alana, who created a site called "Alana's Involuntary Celibacy Project", to discuss her sexual inactivity with others. She has since distanced herself from the term, after the many violent attacks perpetrated by angry, disenfranchised misogynists and their subsequent glorification among the Incel community:

 "Like a scientist who invented something that ended up being a weapon of war, I can't uninvent this word, nor restrict it to the nicer people who need it.”

In Blueprint for a Higher Civilization - edited by Germano Celant, who died last month - Flynt included a chapter titled "Creep", which is excerpted below. In it he uses the term "involuntary celibate" decades before the online movement and it's violent real-life consequences.

Be forewarned: it lives up to its title.




"When Helen Lefkowitz said I was "such a creep" at Interlochen in 1956, her remark epitomized the feeling that females have always had about me. My attempts to understand why females rejected me and to decide what to do about it resulted in years of confusion. In 1961-1962, I tried to develop a theory of the creep problem. This theory took involuntary celibacy as the defining characteristic of the creep. Every society has its image of the ideal young adult, even though the symbols of growing up change from generation to generation.The creep is an involuntary celibate because he fails to develop the surface traits of adulthood--poise and sophistication; and because he is shy, unassertive, and lacks self-confidence in the presence of others . The creep is awkward and has an unstylish appearance. He seems sexless and childish. He is regarded by the ideal adults with condescending scorn, amusement, or pity.

Because he seems weak and inferior in the company of others, and cannot maintain his self-respect, the creep is pressed into isolation. There, the creep doesn't have the pressure of other people's presence to make him feel inferior, to make him feel that he must be like them in order not to be inferior. The creep can develop the morale required to differ. The creep also tends to expand his fantasy life, so that it takes the place of the interpersonal life from which he has been excluded. The important consequence is that the creep is led to discover a number of positive personality values which cannot be achieved by the mature, married adult. During, the period when I developed the creep theory, I was spending almost all of my time alone in my room, thinking and writing. This fact should make the positive creep values more understandable.

Because of his isolation, the creep has a qualitatively higher sense of identity. He has a sense of the boundaries of his personality, and a control of what goes on within those boundaries. In contrast, the mature adult, who spends all his time with his marriage partner or in groups of people, is a mere channel into which thoughts flow from outside; he lives in a state of conformist anonymity. The creep is emotionally autonomous, independent, or self-contained. He develops an elaborate world of feelings which remain within himself, or directed toward inanimate objects. The creep may cooperate with other people in work situations , but he does not develop emotional attachments to other people Although the creep's intellectual abilities develop with education, the creep lives in a sexually neutral world and a child's world throughout his life. He is thus able to play like a child. He retains the child's capacity for make believe. He retains the child's lyrical creativity in regard to self-originated, self justifying activities. There is enormous room in the creep's life for the development of every aspect of the inner world or the inner life. The creep can devote himself to thought, fantasy, imagination, imaging, variegated mental states, dreams, internal emotions and feelings towards inanimate objects. The creep develops his inner world on his own power. His inner life originates with himself, and is controlled and intellectually consequential. The creep has no use for meditations whose content is supplied by religious traditions. Nor has he any use for those drug experiences which adolescents undertake to prove how grown up they are, and whose content is supplied by fashion. The creep's development of his inner life is the summation of all the positive creep values.

After describing these values, the creep theory returned to the problem of the creep's involuntary celibacy. For, physical reasons, the creep remains a captive audience for the opposite sex, but his attempts to gain acceptance by the opposite sex always ends in failure. On the other hand, the creep may well find the positive creep values so desirable that he will want to intensify them. The solution is for the creep to seek a medical procedure which will sexually neutralize him. He can then attain the full creep values, without the disability of an unresolved physical desire.

Actually, the existence of the positive creep values proves that the creep is an authentic non-human who happens to be trapped in human socialbiology. The positive creep values imply a specification of a whole non-human social biology which would be appropriate to those values. Finally, the creep theory mentioned that creeps often make good grades in school, and can thus do clerical work or other work useful to humans. This fact would be the basis for human acceptance of the creep.
In the years after I presented the creep theory, a number of inadequacies became apparent in it. The principal one was that I managed to cast off the surface traits of the creep, but that when I did my problem became even more intractable. An entirely different analysis of the problem was required.
My problem actually has to do with the enormous discrepancy between the ways I can relate to males and the ways I can relate to females. The essence of the problem has to do with the social values of females, which are completely different from my own. The principal occupation of my life has been certain self-originated activities which are embodied in "writings." Now most males have the same social values that I find in all females. But there have always been a few males with exceptional values; and my activities have developed through exchanges of ideas with these males. These exchanges have come about spontaneously and naturally. In contrast, I have never had such an exchange of ideas with females, for the following reasons. Females have nothing to say that applies to my activities. They cannot understand that such activities are possible. Or they are a part of the "masses" who oppose and have tried to discourage my activities.

The great divergence between myself and females comes in the area where each individual is responsible for what he or she is; the area in which one must choose oneself and the principles with which one will be identified. This area is certainly not a matter of intelligence or academic degrees. Further, the fact that society has denied many opportunities to females at one time or another is not involved here. (My occupation has no formal prerequisites, no institutional barriers to entry. One enters it by defining oneself as being in it. Yet no female has chosen to enter it. Or consider such figures as Galileo and Galois. By the standards of their contemporaries, these individuals were engaged in utterly ridiculous, antisocial pursuits. Society does not give anybody the "opportunity" to engage in such pursuits. Society, tries to prevent everybody from being a Galileo or Galois. To be a Galileo is really a matter of choosing sides, of choosing to take a certain stand.)
Let me be specific about my own experiences. When I distributed the prospectus for The Journal of Indeterminate Mathematical Investigations to graduate students at the Courant Institute in the fall of 1967, the most negative reactions came from the females. The mere fact that I wanted to invent a mathematics outside of academic mathematics was in and of itself offensive and revolting to them. Since the academic status of these females was considerably higher than my own, the disagreement could only be considered one of values.

The field of art provides an even better example, because there are many females in this field. In the summer of 1969 I attended a meeting of the women's group of the Art Workers Coalition in New York. Many of the women there had seen my Down With Art pamphlet. All the females who have seen this pamphlet have reacted negatively, and it is quite clear what their attitude is. They believe that they are courageously defending modern art against a philistine. They consider me to be a crank who needs a "modern museum art appreciation course." The more they are pressed, the more proudly do they defend "Great Art." Now the objective validity of my opposition to art is absolutely beyond question. To defend modern art is precisely what a hopeless mediocrity would consider courageous. Again, it is clear that the opposition between myself and females is in the area where one must choose one's values.

I have found that what I really have to do to make a favorable impression on females is to conceal or suspend my activities - the most important part of my life; and to adopt a facade of conformity. Thus, I perceive females as persons who cannot function in my occupation. I perceive them as being like an employment agency, like an institution to which you have to present a conformist facade. Females can be counted on to represent the most social, human" point of view, a point of view which, as I have explained, is distant from my own. (In March 1970, at the Institute for Advanced Study, the mathematician Dennis Johnson said to me that he would murder his own mother, and murder all his friends, if by doing so he could get the aliens to take him to another star and show him a higher civilization. My own position is the same as Johnson's.)

It follows that my perception of sex is totally different from that of others. The depictions of sex in the mass media are completely at variance with my own experience. I object to pornography in particular because it is like deceptive advertising for sex; it creates the impression that the physical aspect of sex can be separated from human personalities and social interaction. Actually, if most people can separate sex from personality, it is because they are so average that their values are the same as everybody else's. In my case, although I am a captive audience for females for physical reasons, the disparity between my values and theirs overrides the physical attraction. I feel for them. It is hard enough to present a facade of conformity in order to deal with an employment agency, but the thought of having to maintain such a facade in a more intimate relationship is completely demoralizing.

What conclusions can be drawn by comparing the creep theory with my later experience? First, some individuals who are unquestionably creeps asfar as the surface traits are concerned simply may not be led to the deeper values I described. They may not have the talent to get anything positive out of their involuntary situation ; or their aspirations may be so conformist that they do not see their involuntary situation as a positive opportunity. Many creeps are female, but all the evidence indicates that they have the same values I have attributed to other females--values which are hard to reconcile with the deeper creep values.

As for the positive creep values, I may have had them even before I began to care about whether females accepted me. For me, these values may have been the cause, not the effect, of surface creepiness. They are closely related to the values that underlie my activities. It is not necessary to appear strangely dressed, childish, unassertive, awkward, and lacking in confidence in order to achieve the positive creep values. (I probably emphasized surface creep traits during my youth in order to dissociate myself from conformist opinion at a time when I hadn't yet had the chance to make a full substantive critique of it.) Even sex, in and of itself, might not be incompatible with the creep inner life; what makes it incompatible is the female personality and female social values, which in real life cannot be separated from sex and are the predominant aspect of it.

Having cast off the surface traits of the creep, I can now see that whether I make a favorable impression on females really depends on whether I conceal my occupation. Celibacy is an effect of my occupation; it does not have the role of a primary cause that the creep theory attributed. to it. However, it does have consequences of its own. In the context of the entire situation I have described, it constitutes an absolute dividing line between myself and humanity. It does seem to be closely related to the deeper creep values, especially the one of living in a child's world.

As for the sexual neutralization advocated in the creep theory, to find a procedure which actually achieves the stated objective without having all sorts of unacceptable side effects would be an enormous undertaking. It is not feasible as a minor operation developed for a single person. Further, as the human species comes to have vast technological capabilities, many special interest groups will want to tinker with human social biology, each in a different way, for political reasons. I am no longer interested in petty tinkering with human biology. As I make it clear in other writings, I am in favor of building entities which are actially superior to humans, and which avoid the whole fabric of human biosocial defects, not just one or two of them.”
- Henry Flynt


Blueprint for a Higher Civilization is exceedingly rare, with the few copies available on ABE being offered for between two and five hundred dollars. The term, "involuntary celibacy", was actually first used in print almost three hundred years ago, in Antoine Banier’s 1739 The Mythology and Fables of the Ancients, Explain'd from History, Volume 3. 



Thursday, May 22, 2014

In the Spirit of Fluxus






























[Fluxus]
In the Spirit of Fluxus
Minneapolis, USA: Walker Art Center, 1993
31.5 x 44.5 x 9 cm.
Edition of 100

To accompany the exhibition of the same name, this briefcase, borrowing its style from the 1965 Fluxkit, housed the exhibition catalogue (with essays by S. Anderson, E. Armstrong, A. Huyssen, B. Jenkins, D. Kahn, Owen F. Smith and K. Stiles) and various multiples and ephemera.

The contents reportedly vary somewhat, but typically include a T-shirt by Ben Vautier, Jeff Berner's "Cosmic inventory kit", buttons and cards by Henry Flynt and Giuseppe, "Geoff Hendricks' "Picnic garbage placemat", George Brecht's, "Drip music" and "Solo for violin", the Tellus compilation cassette that Barbara Moore edited, "Flux Box. Do-it-yourself" by Larry Miller, postage stamps by Robert Watts, a rubber stamp, a Yoko Ono shopping bag, and other printed items.

Available from Harry Ruhe, here.